中学生自我概念、应对方式特点及其关系研究

Research on the Peculiarity and Relationship of Self-concept and Coping Style of the Middle School Students

采用田纳西自我概念量表以及自编应对方式问卷对重庆市两所中学共242名学生进行调查,探讨中学生自我概念和应对方式的特点、发展趋势、影响因素及其相互之间的关系。结果表明:中学生具有较积极的自我概念和应对方式;在发展特点上,自我概念各因子除自我批评外,高二年级学生得分高于其它各个年级;学生消极应对方式的得分从初一到初三逐渐上升,到高中逐渐下降;在影响因素方面,在自我批评因子上存在显著的年级差异,道德伦理自我因子存在显著的性别差异,生理自我和自我认同因子在性别和年级之间存在交互作用;在应对方式上,抱怨存在显著的年级差异;发泄存在显著的性别差异,求助在性别和年级之间存在交互作用;自我概念的正向因子与消极的应对方式呈显著负相关,与积极的应对方式呈正相关;自我概念负向因子与应对方式的关系情况则相反。

By using the Tennessee Self-concept Scale and self-compiled coping style scale, 242 students taken out from two middle schools in Chongqing were admistered to probe the peculiarity developing trend and the influencing factors of the self- concept and coping style, and the relationship between them. The result showed ： （ 1 ） The students possess better self-concept and coping style; （ 2 ） On the aspect of development , The Grade Two senior students got higher scores than the students in the other grades on almost all the self-concept factors except the self-criticism factor. The junior students scores of the negative coping style rised from grade one to grade three, but the senior students scores declined from grade one to grade two,the scores of the grade two senior students were the lowest. （3） On the aspect of the influencing factors, the significant differences were found from the different grades, and on the ethic self-concept, there were significant differences between boys and girls; on the aspect of physical self-concept and self-identity, the interactive effect was found between gender and grade; On the coping style, there were significant differences of different complaining from different grades, there were significant differences of grumbling between boys and girls . On the aspect of seeking help, the interactive effect was found between gender and grade. （4） The positive factors of the self-concept had significantly negative relation to the passive coping style, but had significantly positive relation to the positive coping style. The situation of the negative factors of self-concept was just reverse to the before mentioned fact.