明清淮南盐区盐场大使的设置、职责及其与州县官的关系

Intercalation, Trust of Ambassadors of Salt Site and Their Relationship to Officers of States and Counties during the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期于盐产区置有盐场大使,其品秩、遴选资格历有变化。淮南盐区盐场大使之置,始于洪武二十五年(1392年),共分置二十六场大使 (后相继省并,至清中后期存二十一场)。其职责主要包括督课、受理盐场一般词讼,并负责管理盐场水利、维护盐场地方社会治安、赈济灾荒、促进地方教育、文化及农业经济发展。其中,在行使司法、治安权方面,盐场大使常与所在州县地方官之间发生纠纷。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, ambassadors were set up in the salt regions and their grade and collective qualification were changed in history. The beginning of ambassadors of Huinan salt site was 25th year of Hongwu （1392） and there were 26 amhassadors （late, they were combined, till middle or late Qing Dynasty; they existed in 21 salt sites） . They trust mainly were superintending tax, commonly legal cases, managing irrigation works, maintenance of social public security, relieving calamity, promotion of native education, culture and agricultural economical development. Among them, in the aspect of the exertion of justice and police power, they used to dispute with native officers in states of counties.