大学生择业心理特征

Characters of occupational psychology in undergraduates

目的:探讨大学生择业心理及其影响因素,为有针对性地开展毕业生教育提供参考。方法:用随机抽样的方法在西安交通大学、西北工业大学、西安财经学院、西安理工大学4所高等院校的毕业班学生中抽取1000名学生,于2005-11用自编的毕业生心理调查表,结合访谈法进行测试。自编问卷主要了解毕业班学生最想去的单位、影响职业选择的因素及程度以及个人基本资料。结果:发放问卷1000份,回收有效问卷837份,问卷有效率83.7%。有效问卷中,男生591人,女生246人,重点大学学生634人,普通院校学生203人。被试平均年龄21.8岁。结果显示:①大学生最想去的单位是企业,其次是学校或科研单位,第三是党政机关或其他事业单位,第四是部队,最后是考研或出国等。②大学生选择单位时考虑的最重要因素是发展前景,其次是收入、就业地区、职务、稳定、声望与权力。③不同性别大学生职业期望没有差异。④38.7%的学生认为影响他们选择职业的因素中家庭的作用最大,37.6%的学生认为社会舆论与社会影响最大,23.7%的认为学校教育影响最大。结论:①大学毕业班学生职业期望与择业标准总体来看符合时代发展趋势。②大学毕业生的择业心理没有性别差异。③大学生择业受家庭、社会与学校教育共同影响。

AIM： To explore the occupational psychology of the common university students, and analyze the influential factors, so as to offer some reasonable references for the career edueation. METHODS： Totally 1 000 students were chosen randomly from Xi＇an Jiao Tong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi ＇an University of Finance and Economics and Xi＇an University of Technology, and they were investigated with the self-designed questionnaires of career choice together with the interview method in November 2005 to investigate the optimal unit for the graduates for the next year, influential factors of occupational choice and the degree, individual basic information. RESULTSt Totally 1 000 questionnaires were sent out, and 837 valid ones were recollected, and the effective rate was 83.7%. Of the valid questionnaires, 591 were from males and 246 from females; 634 from students of key universities and 203 from students from common universities. The average age was 21.8 years. The results showed that （1） The optimal unit for the university students was enterprise, the second was schooling or institute, the third was government, party office or other enterprises, the fourth was armed forces, the last was test for graduates domestic or overseas; （2） When they chose occupations, the most important factor that they consider was development, followed by salary, employment area, duty, stability, reputation and power; （3） There were no differences in occupational choice between different genders; （4） The factor with the greatest influence on the occupational choice was family in 38.7% of the students, social opinion and social influence in 37.6%, and school education in 23.7%. CONCLUSION： （1）The undergraduates＇ occupational expectations accord to the trend of social development, which are reasonable and realistic; （2） There are no differences between different genders in occupational choice; （3） Family, society and school have a combined effect in occupational choice.