创新心理素质量表在医科大学生中应用的信度和效度分析

Reliability and validity of innovative psychological diathesis scale in medical students

目的:评价创新心理素质量表在医科大学生中的应用及其信度、效度分析。方法:采用创新心理素质量表于2004-03对北京大学医科部本专科学生957人进行问卷调查,该量表包括创新意识、创新能力、竞争心3个子量表,每个子量表均由20个项目组成,采用5级评分标准,从1～5分别表示无、偶尔、时有、经常、总是。将3个子量表所含项目的评分之和除以其项目数作为该子量表得分。结果:在纳入数据的957人中,创新意识子量表有效数据为873人;创新能力子量表有效数据为860人;竞争心子量表有效数据为871人。①医科大学生创新心理素质状况:整体状况良好,其中创新意识、创新能力、竞争心的平均分在3.00(不包括3.00)以上的,即处于中等偏上水平的分别占总体的58.9%、57.0%、67.3%。②创新意识子量表各项目与总分的相关系数均在0.504～0.780之间;创新能力子量表各项目与总分的相关系数均在0.491～0.787之间。竞争心子量表中,除第58项与其总分的相关系数为0.354,其余项目与总分的相关系数均在0.481～0.821之间。③创新意识、创新能力、竞争心3个子量表的α信度系数分别为0.9456,0.9486,0.9447,Guttman分半系数分别为0.9121,0.8987,0.9148,Spearman-Brown分半系数分别为0.9130,0.8996,0.9172。④内容效度和因素分析:3个子量表内容效度均较好。3个子量表都有一个特征值最大的因素可以说明该子量表的主要成分,均为单因素可以解释的,且每个子量表的项目在该子量表的这一因素上的负荷值均较高,说明创新心理素质各子量表具有较好的结构效度。结论:创新素质量表的创新意识、创新能力与竞争心量表3个子量表,经检验均具有较高的信度、效度。而且医科大学生的创新心理素质整体处于中等偏上水平。创新心理素质量表的信度效度结果均达到统计学标准,可以在大学生创新心理素质的评估中应用。

AIM： To evaluate the application of Innovative Diatheses Scale on college students of medicine and analyze the reliability and validity of the scale. METHODS： Totally 957 undergraduates or junior college students from Peking University Health Science Center were surveyed by Innovative Diatheses Scale during March 2004. The scale consisted of three subscales： innovative consciousness subscale, innovative ability subscale and competitiveness subscale. Each of them included 20 items, and was scored by 5 grades： 1 as none, 2 as seldom, 3 as sometimes, 4 as usually and 5 as always. The quotient of＂ dividing the total score of 20 items by the item number was taken as the result of every subscale. RESULTS： The data of 957 cases was involved and the effective data was 873 cases in innovative consciousness subscale, 860 in innovative ability subscale and 871 in competitiveness subscale. （1）The status of innovative diatheses in medical students： it was fine wholly, and the percentages of the average score of three subscales, which was higher than 3.00（not including 3.00） at upper middle level were 58.9%,57.0%, and 67.3%, respectively.（2）The correlation coefficient between every item and the total score was in the range of 0.504-0.780 in innovative consciousness scale,0.491-0.787 in the innovative ability scale and 0.481-0.821 （except the 58th item was 0.354） in the competitiveness seale.（3）The alpha reliability coefficients of the innovative consciousness, innovative ability and competitiveness scales were 0.945 6,0.948 6 and 0.944 7,respectively.The Guttman Split-half coefficients of the three subscales were 0.912 1,0.898 7 and 0.914 8 while Spearman-Brown Split-half coefficients were 0.913 0,0.899 6 and0.917 2, （4）The content validity and factor analysis： All three subscales were good in content validity, and the fact that all three groups included a factor of maximum feature value, indicated the major component of every subscale could be described by simple factor and the items possessed high loading value in this facfor of each subscale. According to the factor analysis, every subscale possessed good structure validity. CONCLUSION： innovative Diatheses Scale, including three subseales of innovative consciousness, innovative ability and competitiveness, is proved to possess good reliability and validity. The innovative diatheses of medical students are wholly at upper middle level. The results of reliability and validity reach the standard of statistics, so the Innovative Diatheses Scale could be safely applied on the assessment of the innovative diatheses of college students.