视听通道间返回抑制的认识与研究

Knowledge and study of modality between visual and auditory inhibition of return

目的:返回抑制是指对原先所注意过的物体或位置所做反应表现出的滞后现象。综述视听通道间的返回抑制特点、现在的主要研究成果、以及本领域研究存在的争论,提出今后进一步的研究方向。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库1985-01/2005-01的相关文章,检索词为“inhibitionofreturn(IOR)”,限定语言种类为英文,并手工检索来源于北京大学图书馆馆藏资源的相关英文资料。资料选择:视觉、听觉及跨通道返回抑制研究文章。纳入标准:返回抑制;排除标准:触觉返回抑制等与本文无关的文章。资料提炼:检索到文章50篇,对检索到的18篇关于视听通道间返回抑制文章中相关信息进行综述。排除触觉返回抑制,非通道间研究等与本文无关的文章。资料综合:早期的返回抑制效应研究开始于视觉领域,继视觉领域返回抑制的发现后,人们在听觉,甚至触觉通道都观察到了这种效应,在通道间也发现了这种效应。①不同通道对返回抑制的影响:视通道返回抑制效应比听通道的大,且这种模式与反应方式无关;视觉/听觉靶子强度都影响返回抑制大小,当靶子强度较弱时返回抑制效应大些;通道间线索化效应比通道内的弱。②视、听通道间的相互作用:在觉察任务中,视觉和听觉线索对视觉靶子有线索化作用;定位任务中,视觉通道具有通道特异性,而听觉通道则具有超通道性;辨别任务在听觉线索-视觉靶子条件下有跨通道线索化作用。③眼动和扫视以及中心重新定向:在靶子出现之前,注意能否回到中心注视点,对听觉返回抑制的产生与否影响很大。④视听通道间的神经科学研究:上丘脑对视觉、听觉和触觉事件作反应,并以独立或联合的空间地图形式对通道进行编码,参与声音的扫视加工以及其他跨通道注意现象的加工。结论:现在一般认为返回抑制是一种比较普遍的跨通道现象,能够保证高效的注意目标搜索。对跨通道返回抑制进行更深层的研究将最终有利于人们更好地了解通道间返回抑制的本质。

OBJECTIVE： Inhibition of return refers to the delayed responses to targets at previously attended locations or objects as compared to novel ones, This paper summarized the characteristics, research results as well as the preblems in the studies in inhibition of return area and suggested out some possible directions for future research. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles about inhibition of return published in English from January 1985 to January 2005 by using the keywords of ＂inhibition of return＂, some resources were from Peking University Library. STUDY SELECTION： The articles about visual, auditory and cress modality inhibition of return were selected, Inclusive criteria： inhibition of return. Exclusive criteria： tactile inhibition of return and other articles itrelative tO this paper. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 50 articles were collected, and 18 in accordance with the inclusion criteria were reviewed, other articles about tactile inhibition of return and those irrelative to this paper were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS： Early studies on inhibition of return originated from visual field. After the phenomenon is found in visual modality, people find it also happens in auditory and tactile modalities, and cross-modal one. （1） Effect of different modality on the inhibition of return： The inhibition of rctum effect of visual modality is greater than that of auditory one, and this pattern is irrelevant to the response mode. The intensities of visual/auditory target affect the dimension of inhibition of return, the inhibition of return effect is greater when the target intensity is weaker, and the cue-effect between modalities is weaker than that inside modality. Visual and auditory cues play a role of cue to visual target. In the task of location, visual modality has the specialty of modality, but auditory has the ultra-modality. The task of differentiation acts the cress-modal cue role under the condition of auditory cue-visual target. （2） Renew location of eye movement, scanning and center： Before the appearance of target, whether attention can return to the central attention point has great influence on the occurrence of auditory inhibition of return. （3） Neurological study between the visual and auditory modalities： Epithalamus responses to visual, auditory and tactile events, and codes to the modalities by means of independent or united spatial map, and is involved in the sound scanning and process, and the process of other cross-modal attention. CONCLUSION： It is commonly believed now that inhibition of return is a common cross-modal phenomenon, which can ensure the exploration of attention object with high efficacy. The deeper study on the cross-modal inhibition of return will finally be benefit for the better understanding of the essence of modal inhibition of return.