饮食失调的相关影响因素分析

Correlative influential factors of eating disorders

目的:从社会文化、个体两个方面分析影响饮食失调的各种因素,并展望未来的研究方向。资料来源:应用计算机检索ProQuest数据库(PsychologyJournals)1995-01/2005-08和EBSCOhost数据库1995-01/2005-08中与饮食失调影响因素相关的文献,检索词“eatingdisorders,riskfactors”,并限定语言种类为英文。资料选择:从资料中选取与饮食失调影响因素相关度高的文献。纳入条件:①包括实验研究和综述文章。②饮食失调因果性风险因素的相关研究。排除标准:①两个数据库的重复文献。②文献中的重复研究。资料提炼:共收集到80篇关于饮食失调影响因素分析方面的英文文章,排除重复文献、重复研究以及相关度较低的文章后,纳入32篇,21篇用于综述,其中有关社会因素13篇,有关个体因素8篇。资料综合:全球化的瘦理想趋势形成瘦的社会压力,是饮食失调的一个背景性影响因素。社会不公正和同伴本身的饮食失调行为导致个体易出现身体不满意和身体投资,而此投资就可能造成饮食失调。家庭氛围和父母教养方式、家庭的社会经济地位对饮食失调也有一定影响。饮食失调具有生理基础,是可以遗传的。当个体通过节食来控制自己的体质量提高身体满意度的过程中易形成饮食失调。抑郁和焦虑等消极情绪、对外貌重要性的过高评估、完美主义也是饮食失调的影响因素。结论:造成个体饮食失调的原因是多方面的,可从社会、家庭、同伴、个体中的一个或多个的角度来分析饮食失调的影响因素。

OBJECTIVE： To explore the influential factors of eating disorders from the social culture and individual characters, so as to discuss the future research direction. DATA SOURCES： Computer-based online search of ProQuest database （Psychology Journals） and EBSCOhost database were conducted to identify literatures about the influential factors of eating disorders published in English between January 1995 and August 2005 with the keywords of ＂eating disorders, risk factors＂. STUDY SELECTION： The literatures closely correlated with the influential factors of eating disorders were selected. The inclusive criteria： （1）Reviews and experimental studies; （2）Correlative studies an causal risk factors. The repetitive studies and articles were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 80 articles about the influential factors of eating disorders were collected, and 32 ones met the inclusive criteria including 21 reviews with 13 papers referred to social factors and 8 papers referred to individual factors. The repetitive studies and articles as well as the ones not closed to subject were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS： The social pressure of thinness formed by the global thin ideal is one of the influential factors of eating disorders. Social injustice and eating disorders behaviors of peer may result in individual＇s body dissatisfaction and body investment, which may cause eating disorders. Family atmosphere, parental rearing behaviors and family social economic status also play important roles in eating disorders, which has physiological basis and is heritable. To control body weight by dieting calm result in eating disorders easily. Negative moods such as depression or anxiety, overestimation to the importance of appearance and perfectionism are also the influential factors of eating disorders. CONCLUSION： There are many influential factors of eating disorders, which can be an＇,dyzed from social culture, family, peer or individual characters.