书院与科举关系的再认识——以唐至五代时期的书院为例

The New Congnition about the Relationship between Ancient Academies and Imperial Examinations——Taking the Ancient Academies during the Periods from the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties for Examples

从唐至五代时期的书院来看,科举制度是促进书院发展的重要力量。书院与科举联姻的主要原因包括:儒家传统文化影响、封建家族维护稳定和发展的需要及书院教育家的榜样作用等。书院与科举的联姻在促进书院发展的同时也使书院演变成另一种形式的官学,从而阉割了书院自由讲学、独立研究的办学精神,这一历史教训令人深思。

It is the system of imperial examinations that promoted the rapid development of ancient academies during the periods from the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. Factors accounting for the combination between imperial examinations and ancient academies consist of the influence from the Confucianism, the demand from the feudal families to maintain the social stability and the enlightenment from academic educationalists, etc. The combination between imperial examinations and ancient academies promoted the development of ancient academies. Meanwhile, it also made ancient academies evolve into another form in which the academies were sponsored by the government. Consequently, the spirit of free and independent research and study was taken away, which is worth thinking.