基于比较优势四个来源的新钻石框架及其政策含义——兼论波特模型的解释困难

New Diamond Frame Based on Four Sources of Comparative Advantage and Its Policy Meaning——With Comments on Interpretive Troubles in Porter's Model

本文说明了相对于比较优势理论而言国家竞争优势理论的若干解释困难,重点阐述了存在于钻石模型四个要素中的矛盾和问题。通过对生产要素概念的扩展、让技术作为第四要素正式加入要素体系,建立了以自然资源、劳动力、资本和技术四项生产要素为支点的新钻石框架,力图解释国家竞争力的产生和强化机制及其与生产率提高和政府作用的直接关系。最后,结合我国经济的增长,讨论了针对新钻石框架四个支点的国家职能和政策含义。

This paper issues some interpretive troubles in the theory of national competitive advantage compared with the theory of comparative advantage, and explicates the contradictions and problems in four points of diamond model. It expands the notion of factors of production, takes technology as the fourth factor and a formal part of the whole factor system. Adopting the same form as Diamond model, this paper establishes a new frame whose comers are four factors of production： natural resources, labor, capital and technology, which happen to be four sources of comparative advantage. By this frame it tries to explain more persuasively the creating and strengthening mechanism of national competitiveness as well as its connection with productivity improving and government＇s action. Finally, considering Chinese reality in economic growth, this paper discusses the appropriate national policy and government function according to four points of the new diamond frame.