关于抗战前中国农村合作金融的几个问题

An Inquiry into Several Questions of Cooperative Banking Before the Anti-Japanese War in China

本文试图对战前南京国民政府倡导的农村合作运动中有关合作金融的几个问题做一初步探讨。作者认为这些农村合作社自集资金十分短绌,其独立经营能力十分单薄,贷予社员的款项多由外部借来;由于中国在抗战前始终没有形成全国规模的统一的农业合作金融体系,已设农业金融机关对农村合作金融着力不够,轨外操作也占相当比例。占主导地位的商业银行对农业合作社的投资虽功不可没,但同时也存在很多弊端和隐患。从根本上说,农村合作社应以农民资金为主,调剂余缺,合作互助共享,外来资金只能作为辅助借资。否则,它便不成为农民自己的组织,而成了农民用低利率从国家借钱的一种工具。

A tentative inquiry is made into several questions of cooperative banking involved in the rural cooperation movement advocated by Nanjing National Government before the Anti-Japanese war. Those rural cooperatives are in shortage of funds by self-collection, its ability to run an operation on its own is very poor, and the money they loan to farmers are mostly borrowed from other sources . What is more, there is no unified rural cooperative banking system on a national scale in China before the Anti-Japanese war . Even if rural banking organizations have established, its support to the rural cooperative banking is far from enough , and improper management of the cooperatives prevails. The dominant commercial bank renders a great service to the rural cooperatives in investment, while there exists much malpractice and hidden trouble. Basically, the rural cooperatives should mainly run on farmers＇ funds, regulate surplus and deficiency and enjoy mutual aid and cooperation. External capital can only be used as supplementary money, otherwise it cannot be called an organization for farmers, but a means of borrowing money from the state in low interests.