荔枝液态胚乳对果实生长和脱落的影响

The Influence of Liquid Endosperm on Fruit Abscission and Growth of Litchi chinensis Sonn.

以种子正常型的‘白蜡’荔枝品种为试材，通过针刺抽取液态胚乳的试验，考察了液态胚乳对果实生长、脱落和大小的影响。研究结果表明，针刺抽乳和不抽乳处理均显著促进落果和抑制果实的生长，且处理时期越早，对果实脱落和生长的影响越大，如花后30d处理后8d的累积落果率达到93．3％，花后36d处理后15d的累积落果率介于73．3％～80％之间，对照的累积落果率则均低于10％。针刺抽乳处理导致形成种子败育的小果实，针刺不抽乳处理导致形成小核的小果实，对照则产生正常大核种子的大果实，说明早期种皮和液态胚乳的发育对荔枝果实坐果、种子和果实发育有重要影响。本研究结果直接证实荔枝果实组织间存在着种皮→果皮→假种皮的顺序性影响的“球皮对球胆效应”理论。

Effects seeded cultivar ＇ Baila＇ tion of liquid endosperm of liquid endosperm on fruit growth, abscission and size were conducted using normallitchi （Litchi chinensis Sonn. ） as a material by puncturing with and without extracwithin a seed. The results showed that straction of liquid endosperm obviously increased fruit abscission treatments of puncturing with and without abstraction of liquid endosperm obviously increased fruit abscission [ the cumulative abscission rate （CAR） treated at the 30＇h and 36＇hdays after anthesis was 93.3% and 73.3% - 80% respectively, while CAR of the control was lower than 10% ] and depressed fruit growth, and these negative effects were aggravated by earlier treatments. Puncturing plus extraction of liquid endosperm treatment induced aborted-seeded small-fruit and puncturing without extraction of liquid endosperm treatment gave rise to small-seeded small-fruit, while the control produced normal-seeded larger-fruit. It implies that the development of seedcoat and endosperm have more important effects on fruit set and the development of seed and fruit. Moreover, the results provided the direct experimental evidence for substantiating the ＇ball-skin versus bladder effect＇ notionin during litchi fruit development, in which effects of seedcoat→pericarp→aril in order existed inside a litchi fruit tissue.