动物文化词语褒贬色彩的文化心理成因——以汉语“狗”族语汇为例

On the Cultural and Psychological Reasons for the Derogatory and Appreciative Sense of Chinese Phrases with Animal Words

在不同的语言中,很多动物词语都是典型的文化词语,其褒贬色彩,一般都是由特定的社会文化心理决定的,“狗”族语汇就是典型的动物文化词语。中西方对狗持有不同的态度,从而在中西方交往和语言教学中引发出一些问题。汉语中,“狗”族语汇多含贬义,常用作詈语。汉族社会独特的尊尊贱卑、重义轻利、惩恶扬善、尚统反分等文化心理,是造成汉语中“狗”族语汇贬义的主要成因。

Phrases with animal words are typically culture-loaded in different languages. The Chinese and the western people have different attitudes towards dogs, which very often causes problems for both sides in communication and language teaching. Chinese phrases with the word ＂狗＂ （dog） are typically culture-loaded and most of them are derogatory, used as abusive terms. The reasons accounting for this are cultural as well as psychological, for people in general in the Chinese society follow the practice to respect the superior and despise the inferior, to place righteousness above profits, to punish the evil and praise the good, and to value unity rather than separation.