美国科技期刊运行机制和发展环境

Investigations into Operational Systems and Circumstances of STM Journals in USA

分析美国科技期刊的出版模式——大型出版集团出版模式、学(协)会出版模式和期刊社出版模式;介绍美国科技期刊的宏观管理模式、法律环境和经济环境——美国整体上实施的是以法律管理为主,经济手段与协会管理为辅,政府干预、社会监督并举的出版管理体制;总结发达的经济基础、先进的科学技术、市场化运作和完善的法律体系是美国科技期刊出版业发达的成因。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze publishing modeh of STM journals in USA, which include various publishing groups, academic and association publishers and one journal presses. Then the paper introduces macro-management models, legal and economic circumstances of STM journals in USA. In general speaking, government and state laws play a vital role in the publishing industry in USA, but the market competitions, the publishing trade associations, government intervention and public opionions also function as parts of the supervision system. Furthermore, the paper also analyzes the reasons of STM journals development in USA in terms of its economy, advanced science and technology, complete marketing operation mechanism and the law environment.