陆游词之缺失及原因探析

A Study on the Defects of Lu You's Lyrics

检视陆游词会发现诸种缺失:与苏轼词比欠气象,与辛弃疾词比欠气韵,与秦观词比欠情韵。我们遗憾地说:陆游没能成为一流词家。归结其原因,不仅关涉作者自身,亦应关涉诗词这两种文体的不同特质。从词之为词的本体论角度看,陆游对词之为词特质不甚明了,对词的认识时有矛盾。其词之创作亦始于交际之功用,导致词之特质之一,即私人化写作这一效应未发挥出来。再从作家生命情感体验的独特性方面来看,其疏放之性情又较“词心”有一段距离。

A careful examination example, lack spectacle compared of Lu You＇s Ci （lyrics） will reveal defects of various kinds. His lyrics, for with Su Shi＇s, seem deficient in flavour when read along with Xin Qiji＇s and shows less feeling than Qin Guan＇ s. Lu You, therefore, is not a first-rate lyrics composer. Such mediocrity in lyrics, however, is not due to anything in the great poet himself, but to the intrinsic difference between two genres of ancient poetry. Lu You knew little about lyrics, and what he knew was often self-contradictory. Much of Lu You＇ s lyrics were social in function, while this genre is essentially private in character. This gap was, of course, also aggravated by the fact that neither the author＇ s personal experiences nor his temperament was congruent with the ＂heart＂ of lyrics.