公正作为德性——亚里士多德公正德性探析

Justice as a Virtue

德性就是品质。亚里士多德把公正德性定义为公正品质,认为它是公民行为公正和想要做公正事情的品质。公正德性是一种个体德性,但同时又是一种社会德性,因此可以称之为“非个体的个体德性”。把公正解释为介于纯粹利他主义和纯粹利己主义之间的品德是错误的。罗尔斯的公正理论视正义为制度的首要价值,对亚里士多德作为德性的公正提出挑战,同样是值得商榷的。

A virtue is a character. Aristotle defines the virtue of justice as character of justice, with which citizens act justly and want to do just things. The virtue of justice is an individual ethic virtue like other individual ethic virtues, but it differs from them since it is a social virtue as well. So we can call the virtue of justice non-individual individual virtue. The virtue of justice is explained as one between pure altruism and egoism, which errs in two aspects. Challenging Aristotle＇s virtue of justice, John Rawls regards justice as the first merit of system, which has also met with many counterviews.