试论演绎式三段论法律推理及其制度基础——兼及大陆法系司法制度及其运作机制

On Deductive Legal Reasoning of Syllogism and Its Operation Mechanism

大陆法系以演绎式三段论法律推理作为基本的法律适用方法具有坚实的历史、文化以及制度基础,研究演绎式三段论法律推理的运作逻辑十分必要。但是,从预定前提即制定法出发、非扩充性论证的演绎式三段论法律推理并不能为实现司法公正、实现法治社会提供实质性帮助,因为法官常常要在“无法可依”的情况下进行裁判,演绎式三段论法律推理也不能完全排除个性化、主观性因素对法官判断活动的影响。因此,加强司法程序制度建设,使当事人、社会通过适当的途径参与司法裁判活动以控制法官的裁量权、通过司法程序在诉讼过程中对司法裁判进行正当化论证就成为我国当前司法改革的重要课题。

The deductive legal reasoning of syllogism, as a main way of application of law, which has a stable basis of history, culture and system is worth studying. However, based on statutes, the deductive legal reasoning of syllogism cannot realize judieatory justice and cannot offer any substantial help for the realization of society ruling by law. Therefore, it has become an important task of judicatory reform to strengthen system construction of judicatory procedure, to make parties and public society participate in judicatory procedure so as to control judgers＇ right to command and to discuss the justice of judicatory judgment in the course of an action.