试论主观量标记“没”、“不”、“好”

On the subjective-quantity markers of mei(没),bu(不),and hao(好)

"没"、"不"、"好"是近、现代汉语中的主观量标记,"没"、"不"用于主观减量,"好"用于主观增量。"没"、"好"可以标示含有概数的表时间或量度关系的词语,"不"只能标示概约性时间词语;"没"还可以用在动词前,"好 X"、"不 X"具有词化倾向。量标记是话语交际中自然留下的主观印记,其基本功用是表达说话人的主观认识,涉及感情、态度和视角。主观化是导致"没"、"不"、"好"成为标记词的主要动因。

In Chinese,mei,bu and hao are subjective-quantity markers,among which mei and bu denote weakened sujective quantity while hao denotes the strengthened one.Mei and hao precede and signify the NP denoting approximate time or quantity while bu can only precede and signify the NP denoting approximate time.Mei can also precede VP.'Hao X'and'bu X'tend to become lexicalized words.Mei,bu and hao are subjectivised into subjective-quantity markers.