语言选择:聚合与背离——以台湾的大牛栏语言社群为例

Choice of Dialect:Convergence or Divergence——A Case Study on Da-niu-lan Language Community in Taiwan

大牛栏是多语社群,主要的语言大牛栏方言是一种独特的台湾闽南语方言。过去,大牛栏方言是低阶语言、弱势语言,仅在家庭、氏族内使用;而客语是高阶语言、强势语言,也是语族之间的沟通语言。大牛栏社群在不同领域的语言使用并不相同。他们在外遇到客家人讲客语,这是一种语言聚合(convergence);在家庭中对婚姻移入的客籍妇女讲大牛栏方言,这是一种语言背离(divergence)。两种不同的语言选择显示大牛栏社群在家庭内、外与客家人对话时,彼此的社会地位及社会关系不同,也显示他们在公、私领域心中运作的社会结构不同。

Da-niu-lan is a multi-dialect community.Its most important language,Da-niu-lan dialect,is a multi-dialect community.Its most important lanniu-lan dialect,as a low-class and weak one,was only spoken as the communicating dialect among different dialect groups.Da-niu-lan community speak different dialect in different situations.When they meet Hakka people outside of the community,they speak Hakka dialect,which is a kind of language convergence;When they meet Hakka women who are married to Da-niu-lan community,they speak Da-niu-lan dialect,which is a kind of dialects divergence.Their choice of the two different languages shows that their social status and social relations are different when Da-niu-lan community speak to Hakka people in or out of the family,and that their social structures running in public and private fields are different.