学生个体差异:研究方法与基本结构

Students’ Individual Differences: The Research Method and Basic Structure

对课堂教学中学生个体差异的研究主要有两种方法：一是类型化研究，二是差异变量分析。其中差异变量分析是全面动态把握学生个体差异的较好方法。从影响学生学习的主体因素角度来分析，课堂教学中学生的个体差异主要包括基础性差异、动力性差异、操作性差异和方向性差异等四个方面，它们共同构成了课堂教学中学生个体差异变量的分析框架，为我们全面检视课堂教学中学生个体差异的真实状况提供了有效的检视工具。

There are two basic research methods for the research of students＇ individual differences in classroom instruction. One is category research and the other is differential variables analysis. The latter method is the better way to recognize students＇ individual differences in all-round way and dynamicly. Analyzed from the subjectivity factor influencing students＇ studies, students＇ individual differences in classroom instruction mainly include four aspects, that is, basis difference, motivation difference, operation difference and orientation difference, all of which construct the frame to analyze all variables of students＇ differences in classroom instruction and provide an efficient tool to inspect the real state of individual differences in classroom instruction.