苏州古典园林中的植物

Plants in the Classical Gardens of Suzhou

对苏州古典园林中的植物种类、植物性状和植物产地进行了分析,并介绍了传统花木的应用。在苏州8个具有代表性的古典园林中大约有植物118种,隶属于56科。8个园林中有很多共同的植物种类。园林中乔木、灌木、草本以及藤蔓类植物配合应用,落叶树木多于常绿树木(1.54∶1),乡土植物(占总种数的64.4%)大大地多于外来植物,反映出了造园者师法自然,顺应自然的宗旨,符合生态要求,值得我们在城市绿化建设中借鉴。另外,人们赋予某些植物的人格意义使苏州古典园林中大量采用传统花木。

Plants play a very important role in the classical gardens of Suzhou. There are about 118 species belonging to 56 families in the eight typical gardens. In the eight gardens there are many common species, which mainly are arbores, shrubs, herbs and vines cultivated suitably; the numbers of deciduous trees are more than those of evergreen trees（1.54：1 deciduous/evergreen）, and numbers of local plants （64.4% of all）are much more than those of exotic ones. That indicated that the major idea of the garden designers was to imitate and acclimate the nature. We should learn from it in the project of greening of cities nowadays. In addition, anthropomorphized Chinese traditional ornamental plants were cultivated largely in the gardens.