昆虫先天性免疫信号通路研究进展

Advances in Studies of Insect Immunity Signalling Pathyways

昆虫体内形成了强大的免疫防御系统,其被各种微生物攻击时能依靠病原相关分子模式识别蛋白对感染进行区分和激活体内信号通路诱导如抗菌肽之类的效应分子.昆虫体内控制先天性免疫的信号通路分别是:Toll通路、IMD通路和JAS/STAT通路,这3条通路在信号传递过程中存在协作,并且,这些通路与脊椎动物体内某些通路存在惊人相似、在免疫调控通路方面存在共同的进化起源.这揭示了先天性免疫在动物体内存在的普遍性和机体抵御病原感染的重要性.

Strong immune defense systems have been formed in insect bodies during evolution which can protect them from infection. When insects are challenged by pathogenic microorganisms, signalling pathways triggered by recognition proteins of pathogen associated molecular patterns（PAMPs） induce the systemic immune re- sponse and produce respondingly innate immunity effectors such as antimicrobial peptides. Three signalling pathways controlling innate immunities exist in insect bodies which are Toll signalling pathway, IMD signalling pathway and JAK/STAT signalling pathway. There are increasing evidences that these signal transduction pathways cooperate with each other in transmitting signals and they have striking similarities and common evolutionary origins with those in vertebrates. These indicate that the innate immunities are commom in all animals and important to protect them from pathogenic microb infection.