高品质棉高产保优的栽培途径探讨

Cultural Approach of High-Yielding and Fine Fiber Quality for the Super Fiber Quality Cotton by Transplanting Patterns

为充分发挥高品质棉的产量潜力,研究了高品质棉杂交种科棉1号、常规种科棉4号在育苗移栽种植方式下,不同的密度以及密度氮肥配合条件下群体果节量、果枝数,成铃特点、铃重、产量和纤维品质的变化特点。结果表明,高品质棉通过适当降低密度,科棉1号每公顷保持在2.7万株左右、科棉4号保持在3万株左右,果节量都控制在每公顷300万个左右,成铃率可达到40%以上,从而获得高产和保优同步。根据高产保优情况下棉株壮个体优势果枝数增多、优势果枝节位上移以及上、下部位成铃数、成铃率、铃重提高等特点,提出了高品质棉的“优、壮、高”高产栽培途径,用优化群体、壮个体的途径容易形成适宜果节量和高成铃率的高产群体。

The objective of this study was to investigate a cultural approach of high-yielding and good fiber quality by analyzing the number of fruit-nodes, fruit-branches, boll setting distribution, boll weight, lint yield and fiber quality in two high fiber quality cotton ciltivars （one was hybrid, Kernian 1, another was conventional-Kemian 4） under different planting densities, strategies of density and nitrogen application. The experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University Farm, and other cotton production area of Jiangsu Province, China, in 2002 and 2004 . Two combination treatments of planting density and nitrogen application in 2002, and four planting densities （2.25, 2.7, 3.75 and 4.2 × 104 plants · hm^-2 for Kemian 1 ; 2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5 × 10^4 plants· hm^-2 for Kemian 4） in 2004 were designed. The results showed that the higher yield for the two cultivars could be easily achieved when the planting density was about 27000 plants · hm^-2 for Kemian 1, 30000 plants · hm^-2 for Kemian 4, in which the number of fruit-nodes was about 3 millions · hm^-2, boll setting rate exceeded 40%, the indexes of the fiber quality also improved in the different parts of the plant. It suggested that the cultural approach of high yield and fine fiber quality for the high fiber quality cotton was to maintain optimal planting density and fruit-nodes , and to make the cotton individual plant strong in development, and higher in fruit-branches and boll setting rates. Thus the high lint yield and fine quality can be expected.