川崎病冠状动脉损害的病理及超声心动图检测

Pathogenesis and Echocardiographic Assessment of Coronary Arterial Lesions in Kawasaki Disease

川崎病引起的心血管损害与冠状血管免疫性损伤,血管内皮功能障碍有密切关系,冠状动脉炎在川崎病急性期后持续存在,是导致血管内膜纤维性增生,血管腔狭窄的重要原因。超声心动图诊断川崎病并发心血管损害对判断病情、指导治疗和估测预后发挥越来越重要的作用,尤其对冠状动脉扩张和冠状动脉瘤形成的诊断具有特异性,能清晰的显示冠状动脉内径、扩张程度。超声心动图还能明确显示冠状动脉狭窄的特点,但对检出冠状动脉远端的损害有一定的困难。

Coronary arterial lesions in Kawasaki disease are closely related to immune injury and endothelial dysfuntion of the coronary artery. Coronary arterial vasculitis contiuously exists after acute Kawasaki disease. It leads to fibrosis of the coronary endothelium and stenosis of the coronary artery. Detection of the coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease by echocardiography plays an ever increasing important role in diagnosis, treatment and prediction, especially in dilatation and aneurysm formation of the coronary artery. It can definitely show the diameter and the degree of dilatation of the coronary artery, as well as the characteristics of coronary arterial stenosis, but it has difficulty in detecting the distal lesions of the coronary artery.