广州市六所中学初中男生吸烟行为影响因素的结构方程模型

Analysis on factors influencing the smoking behaviors among male secondary school students under the structural equation model

目的分析广州市青少年吸烟行为影响因素的直接与间接作用。方法利用自填式问卷调查2021名初中男生的吸烟相关信息,确证性因子分析构建测量模型,迭代加权最小二乘法(ERLS法)估计参数,通过评价修正来确定最佳模型。结果提取了三个环境因素潜变量,即监护人限制、吸烟环境和学校环境。吸烟相关态度只提取一个潜变量。模型拟合效果较好,模型能解释吸烟行为38.8%的变异。对吸烟行为起直接作用的有:吸烟环境、监护人限制、拒烟决心和吸烟态度等。年级、健康知识和学校环境则起间接作用。危险因素排序:吸烟环境(45.76%)>吸烟态度(19.88%)>年级(0.44%);保护因素排序:拒烟决心(16.61%)>监护人限制(10.51%)>健康知识(3.89%)>学校环境(2.92%)。结论健康知识只能通过相关信念而对学生吸烟行为起间接的抑制作用,且贡献比例很低。年级的增长对学生吸烟行为的促进作用大于抑制作用。青少年控烟不能只限于健康教育,环境因素应受到高度重视。

Objective To analyze the direct and indirect outcomes of influencing factors on smoking behaviors among adolescents. Methods Self-adminlstered questionnaires were used to collect smokingrelated information from 2021 respondents. Measurement models were built by confirmatory factor analysis and parameters were estimated by ERLS method. The final structural equation model was determined by comprehensive evaluation and necessary modification. Results Three latent variables were extracted from 10 manifest variables of environment, while only one latent variable was identified from 9 manifest variables of attitudes. The goodness of fit for the structural equation model was satisfactory that all indices had met corresponding requirements. The final model could explain 38.8% of the variance of smoking behaviors. Four factors （smoking environment, smoking restriction from parents and teachers, determination of cigarette refusal and attitudes toward smoking） were directly affecting the smoking behaviors, while another three factors（grade, health knowledge and school environment） had indirect impacts. According to the percentages of their contribution, the risk factors were ranked as follows： smoking environment （45.76%）, attitudes toward smoklng（19.88%） and grade at school（0.44%）. Similarly, the top proteetlve factor were： determination of cigarette refusal（ 16.61% ）, followed by smoking restriction from parents and teachers （ 10.51%）, health knowledge （3.89%） and school environment （2.92%）. Conclusions Heath knowledge had minor effect on smoking in adolescents but could indirectly affect their smoking behaviors through changing their belief. Grade at school had a doubled influence on smoking, but mainly served as a risk factor. Tobacco control measures for adolescents should not only be limited to health education but environment factors as well.