从宗教宽容到人权保护——国际法中关于少数群体保护规定的演变

From Religious Tolerance to Protection of Human Rights——Evolution of the Protection of Minorities in International Law

少数群体的权益保护是国际社会关注的一个重要问题。在不同的历史时期,国际社会在少数群体保护方面采取了不同的政策,经历了如下发展轨迹:从宗教的宽容到对宗教、语言、文化、族群少数群体的保护,以至二战之后对普遍人权的倡导。与此同时,在国际法中也发生了相应的变化。在民族宗教矛盾对国际社会的和平与稳定构成极大冲击的今天,对历史上的少数群体保护问题做出进一步的探讨不仅是极具借鉴意义的,也是十分必要的。

The protection of minorities is a significant issue that has aroused much concern in international society. Different policy positions have been adopted by international society at different stages: from religious tolerance to the protection of the rights of religious, linguistic, cultural, and ethnic minorities, and later to the promotion of universal human rights after the end of the World War II. Meanwhile, corresponding rules and regulations in international law have also undergone great changes. Today, when national and religious conflicts pose great threats to the peace and stability of the world, it is essential to further explore the issue of the historical protection of minorities.