就业服务指导对就业率影响研究——美国华盛顿州的经验

Evaluating the Impacts of Repeated Job Search Services on the Probability of Employment: The Experience of Washington State in the United States

了解如何对美国华盛顿州就业培训效果进行评估,对中国有效帮助下岗失业人员再就业和低收入人员就业具有相当的借鉴意义。本文的目的是运用非平衡面板数据评估美国华盛顿州就业服务指导和被指导对象个人情况,对25～35岁女性福利受益者就业率的影响。本文提出转移概率(transitionprobability)模型来解决样本破损、样本更新和时段依赖问题(sampleattrition,samplerefreshment,durationdependence)。我们的结果表明,只有第一次就业服务对于那些失业人员的就业率有显著的正向影响。我们还发现工作经验越多的越易于找到工作。这些发现说明对失业人员进行的就业培训,可以帮助他们快速找到工作。

Learning how to evaluate the effectiveness of Job Search Services in the United States can be very helpful to policy makers in China in reducing the unemployment rate. This paper uses an unbalanced panel dataset to evaluate how repeated job search services （JSS） and personal characteristics affect the employment rate of the female welfare recipients aged 25-35 in Washington State of the United States. We propose a transition probability model to take account issues of sample attrition, sample refreshment and duration dependence. Our findings indicate that the first job search service does have positive and significant impacts on the employment rate of those who are initially unemployed. We also find that there are significant experience-enhancing effects. These findings suggest that providing one job search services training to unemployed individuals to help them find jobs quickly may have a lasting impact on raising their employment rate.