用声学方法监测海洋——海洋声层析技术和大洋气候声学测温

ACOUSTICAL MoNITORING OF THE PCEAN OCEAN——ACOUSTICAL TOMOGRAPHY AND ACOUSTICAL THERMOMETRY OF OCEAN CLIMATE

海洋变化非常大且对世界气候及人类活动有巨大影响。声波是监测海洋内部变化的有效方法。为了监测海洋盆地,用海洋声层析技术测量布设在环绕盆地的站之间声传播时间并运用逆运算来推断温度及流速场。为了测量由于温室效应引起的全球变暖,发展了大洋气候的声学测温技术,在很长的距离以很长的周期监测平均声传播时间。在印度洋的赫德岛进行了可行性实验,在太平洋及大西洋接收到了声信号。在太平洋建立观测网,进行为期十年的观测。文中并介绍了海洋层析技术及大洋气候声学测温的设备。

Variability of the ocean is very large and has great influence on world weather, climate and human activities. Acoustic waves are the effective means for monitoring the change in the ocean interior. For monitoring the ocean basin the ocean acoustical tomography technique measures the sound travel time between stations placed around the basin and uses inverse calculation to infer to temperatare and current field. For measurement of the global warming due to greenhouse effect acoustical thermometry of ocean climate was developed, in which the average travel time for very long distance is monitored over long period. A feasibility test at the Heard Island of Indian Ocean was conducted and acoustic signals were received at many places of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. A network of acoustical monitoring in Pacific Ocean is designed for ten year operation. Instrumentation for the ocean acoustic tomography and the acoustic thermometry of ocean climate was described.