公共秩序保留制度的式微

The Degeneration of the Reservation of Public Order

公共秩序保留作为国际私法的一种特殊制度,其实质是用来保护本国的国家利益,从而拒绝外国法的适用或者拒绝承认与执行外国法院判决或外国仲裁裁决,因而被称为保护本国利益的“安全阀”。虽然各国对该制度理解不一,但都在立法上对它进行了规定。晚近,各国国际私法对公共秩序保留的态度出现了不同程度的改变,公共秩序保留开始出现式微的发展趋势。这种趋势的出现,除了其本身的缺陷外,主要是全球化的影响以及法律趋同化的演变。

As a special system of private international law, the aim of the reservation of public order is to protect national interests, thus to refuse to apply the foreign law, or to recognize and enforce foreign judgments or foreign arbitral awards. So it is named as Safety Valve. Every nation stipulates it in its law though it is explained differently. Recently, because of its defect and influence of globalization or assimilation tendency of private international law, the system is degenerating.