地球化学动力学方法及其在地下流体地震前兆机理研究中的意义

The Geochemistry Dynamics Method and Its Meaning in the study of Precursory Mechanism of Underground Fluid

地球化学动力学是继地球化学热力学之后发展起来的一门新兴地球化学分支学科。地球化学动力学包括两个方面的研究内容:一是地球化学反应动力学,如化学反应速度、各种条件对化学反应速率的影响及其化学反应机制;二是物理方面的运动学,如流体动力学、扩散、弥散及热传导等。其中在地球化学反应动力学方面,主要是水—岩反应化学动力学和同位素交换动力学,即对各种物质转换过程的研究。在流体动力学方面,主要是多孔介质中流体的运移及断裂对流体运移的控制作用,即对物质与能量的运输过程及其影响条件的研究。但自然界地球化学作用是转变过程和运输过程的耦合,化学反应是最主要的转变过程,流体流动是最主要的运输过程,所以把各种转变过程和运输过程结合起来,建立相互间的耦合关系,并通过数值计算模拟地下流体的真实行为,这就是研究地下流体的流—固耦合理论。地球化学动力学方法在地震前兆成因机理解释研究方面具有重要的理论指导意义。

The geochemistry dynamics is a new branch after the geochemistry thermodynamics in geochemistry. It includes two research contents： one is the geochemistry reaction kinetics, such as the chemical reaction speed, the influence of the various condition upon chemical reaction velocity and its chemical reaction mechanism; Other is kinetics of physics, such as the hydrodynamics, diffusion, dispersion and heat conduction etc.. Among them, in the geochemistry reaction kinetics aspect, the main research is all kinds of mass exchange process. In the aspects of hydrodynamics, the main research is mass or energy transport process and the condition of effect on it. But natural geochemistry function is generally couple of transport process and exchange process, the chemical reaction is the most important exchange process, and the fluid-flow is the most important transport process. So put together the various change process and the conveyance process knot, build up a relation of mutually coupling, then to simulate the true behavior of underground fluid through analytical and numerical solutions. This is fluid-solid coupling theory of underground fluid. So geochemis- try kinetics method has an important significance in the theory of explaining earthquake-generating mechanism.