呈现与指称:语言中的两种时间表现及其语言学意义

The Reflecting Time and the Referential Time——Two Temporal Forms in Language and Their Linguistic Significance

时间在语言中有两种表现形式,即呈现性时间和指称性时间。呈现性时间是本源性时间,是语言单位内部的时间语义特征在特定场合的呈现;指称性时间是派生性时间,是对呈现性时间提取和认知加工的结果。呈现性时间可以通过有标记和无标记手段转化为指称性时间。建立呈现性时间和指称性时间这两个概念可以为时间范畴研究提供一个宏观的框架,可以解释相关的语言现象,具有重要的语言学意义。

There are two temporal forms in language, namely, the reflecting time and the referential time. The reflecting time is original; it reflects the temporal scheme of a linguistic construction in a specific context. The referential time is derivative; it is extracted from the reflecting time. The reflecting time can be transformed into the referential time by means of various marked or unmarded methods. These two concepts are useful in establishing a macro-framework for the study of the category of time and relevant linguistic phenomena. They are of great linguistic significance.