明代复古主义诗学诸理论及发展

The Various Concepts and Development of Ming's Revivalist Poetry

明代复古主义由祈向诗歌美学高境,而推崇汉唐,讲求格调,在展示独特理论魅力的同时,何景明重视才情,已对其先天弱点有所修正;而面对明中叶新思潮的挑战,王世贞吸收作家才思真情自我个性等方面的内涵,突破固有的理论局限;胡应麟发掘兴象风神等汉唐诗歌品质,补充体格声调理论之不足;许学夷突出从“体”的中偏正变的历史考察、尤其各种“变”的环节与样态中,探求和分辨诗歌本乎天成、形迹俱融、风神超迈的根本性质。从而使复古主义成为一种突出诗歌内在特性研究而又比较圆融的诗学理论。

Revivalism of Ming Dynasty has transferred from admiring of aesthetic state of poetry to adoring Han and Tang Dynasty which concentrate on style for showing the unique theoretical fascination. At the same time, He Jinruing put great effort on talent and made revision of its born weakness. While facing the new current of thoughts challenge in the middle of Ming, Wang Shizhen absorbed the content of writers＇ talent and true feeling about self-characteristics, also broke the inherent theoretical limitation. Hu Yinglin discovered the Han and Tang＇ s poetic character, like Xing, Xiang, Feng and Shen, in order to complement the shortage of stylistic and tune theory. Xu Xueyi was specialized in finding and distinguishing the rooted character of naturally-formed and lively poetry from the historical investigation of ＂Style＂, especially from various process and shape of ＂Change＂. All his fruits form revivalism as a kind of perfect poetic theory which puts high light on the inside characteristic research of poetry.