唇腭裂患儿的听觉脑干反应检测

ABR evaluation of children with cheilopalatognathus

目的：研究唇腭裂患儿听力损失的特点。方法：对68例（136耳）腭裂、70例（140耳）唇腭裂患儿进行ABR测试，均按年龄分为3组（〈6个月，6～12个月，13～24个月），并与80例（160耳）同样分为3组的正常对照组儿童进行比较。结果：91．9％腭裂及89．3％唇腭裂患儿存在听力障碍，且大部分为中重度听力障碍，其各波潜伏期及反应阈值均较正常儿童明显延长和增加，12个月以下腭裂、唇腭裂患儿其Ⅰ～Ⅴ波波间期与正常儿童比较差异无统计学意义，13～24个月腭裂、唇腭裂患儿其Ⅰ～Ⅴ波波间期与正常儿童比较差异有统计学意义。腭裂与唇腭裂患儿比较差异无统计学意义，两组患儿听觉阈值均随年龄的增长而降低。腭裂患儿Ⅴ波引出率及唇腭裂患儿Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波引出率均随年龄增大而提高。结论：大部分唇腭裂患儿存在听力障碍，因此要早期发现，及时治疗和干预，但由于婴幼儿的中枢神经系统还处于一个不断发育成熟的阶段，所以需要动态的听力客观评估。

Objective：To study the charicteristics of hearing loss in children with cheilopalatognathus. Method： Sixty-eight children （136 ears） with cleft palate and 70 children （140 ears） with cleft lip were tested with ABR. They were divided into three groups according to the age （〈6 months, 6-12 months, 13-24 months）. Other 80 age-matched healthy children were enrolled in the control group. The ABR results were compared between the three groups and the control group. Result： Hearing loss was found in 91.9% of children With cleft palate and in 89.3% with cheilopalatognathus, the majority of which was moderate or severe. When comparing to the control group,the latency values of waves Ⅰ , Ⅲ and Ⅴ were prolonged and the threshold of wave Ⅴ was elevated. No significant difference of the transmission time between wave Ⅰ and wave Ⅴ was found between the children under one year old with cleft palate or cheilopalatognathus and the children in the control group With aging, the inducing rate of threshold in children with cleft palate and the inducing rate of waves Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ in children with cheilopalatognathus were elevated. Conclusion：The majority of children with cheilopalatognathus has hearing loss. Because the central nervous system of infants is at the developing stage, a continuously evalution of hearing is needed.