南方稻田保护性耕作的研究进展与研究对策

Research Progress and Developing Strategy in Paddy-field Conservation Tillage in the South of China

就保护性耕作的由来和内涵、国内外发展现状作一综述,在指出我国稻田传统耕作方式存在的主要问题后,着重介绍了南方稻田保护性耕作的主要技术模式:即以免(少)耕、秸秆还田为主的保护性耕作技术和休闲期保护性耕作技术。稻田免(少)耕保护性耕作技术主要包括水稻免耕直播、免耕抛秧、免耕套播和免耕小苗移栽技术;秸秆还田为主的保护性耕作技术主要包括秸秆覆盖免耕栽培水稻和秸秆覆盖免耕旱作技术;休闲期保护性耕作技术主要包括冬春休闲和休闲期绿色覆盖技术。指出这些保护性耕作技术不仅具有传统栽培同样或更高的产量潜力,而且省工、节本、能减少水土流失,保持和改善地力,经济、生态效益显著。分析稻田保护性耕作存在的不足之处,提出发展对策。

The paper reviewed the content and the development of conservation tillage home and abroad. After pointed out the main problem of traditional farming system, the paper simply introduced the main techniques and models of paddy -field conservation tillage in the south of China： no（low） -tillage cultivation technique, straw returning to field cultivation technique and fallow stage conservation tillage technique. In the South China＇s paddy field the no - tillage cropping pattern includes direct seedling, seedling broadcasting, intercropping, younger seedling transplanting on no - tillage paddy - field ; the straw returning to field cultivation technique includes planting rice with straw mulching on no - tillage paddy - field ; the conservation tillage technique of fallow stage mainly introduced some economic green - cover techniques. Compared with traditional farming system, these conservation tillage techniques not only had same or higher yield potential, but also were cost and labor saving, and economic and environment safe. On the basis of analysis the problems of conservation tillage at present, the paper pointed out the developing strategies.