洛克和卢梭的自由观及对其教育思想的影响

Locke's and Rousseau's Idea of Freedom and Its Influence on Educational Thoughts

洛克和卢梭都是追求自由的思想家,但洛克主张现实的、消极的、个人的自由,卢梭主张理想的、积极的、全体的自由,基于各自的自由观,洛克持顺应社会的教育价值取向,要求教育积极的去塑造人,教育和国家的关系是平行的,而卢梭持反社会的教育价值取向,认为教育对人的作用方式是消极的,教育和国家呈现出离合的关系。这两种自由观有助于在新课程改革中树立尊重保护学生学习自由和教师教学自由的理念。

Locke and Rousseau were thinkers pursuing freedom. Locke protested realistic, passive,individual＇s freedom, while Rousseau protested ideal, positive ,corporate freedom. Based on idea of freedom, Locke insisted that education, by which people can be actively molded,should be in accord with society and that there is a parallel relationship between education and state. On the contrary, Rousseau insisted that education,as an anti-society activity, should influence people by passive means and that there is either separated or syncretic relationship between education and state. Under the direction of two ideas of freedom,we can easily build up ideas of respecting and protecting the freedom of learning and instruction.