“立人”与“立国”——论百年中国报刊科学话语的一条言说主线

“Enhancing the Public's Intelligence” and “Strengthening the Nation” ——On the Mainstream of Scientific Discourse on Chinese Press in Last Century

百年中国报刊科学话语的言说主线都是围绕着“立人”与“立国”两个轴心展开的。从1895年甲午战败至五四运动以“立国”必先“立人”为言说基点;五四退潮之后至新中国成立则转以“立人”必先“立国”作为言说基点;新中国成立至“文化大革命”结束,在头7年进入“立人”与“立国”并举的言说状态;到社会主义现代化建设新时期,“立人”与“立国”并举重新成为报刊科学话语的基本言说主线。这条言说主线,展示了百年中国报刊科学话语诉说、铺陈历史和被历史诉说、铺陈这样一个属于20世纪中国报刊本质属性的特征,在灵魂、精神的内核展示了中国报刊的现代底蕴及与民族历史文化的血脉渊源。

This article argues that the mainstream of scientific discourse on Chinese press in last century went around two principle axis, ＂enhancing the public＇s intelligence＂ and ＂strengthening the nation＂. From the loss in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to the May 4th Movement, the mainstream of the narrative of the press was that ＂enhancing the public＇ s intelligence＂ should go before ＂strengthening the nation＂ ; From the May 4th Movement to the establishment of the New China, it turned around to stress that ＂enhancing the public＇s intelligence＂ should be strengthening the nation＂ ; From the establishment of the New China to the end of Cultural Revolution, based upon the ＂enhancing the public＇s intelligence＂ and ＂strengthening the nation＂ were given the same emphasis in the first seven years until the 20- year setback afterwards. During the period in which socialist modernization was carrying through, ＂enhancing the public＇ s intelligence＂ and ＂strengthening the nation＂, again, appeared parallelly in the narrative of the press. This main thread of the narrative represented the essential characteristic of 20th century Chinese press-they constructed, and in return, have been constructed by the Chinese history. It displayed, between the modernization Key words： Chinese ing the nation＂ from the profoundness of soul and spirit, the close relation of Chinese press and the Chinese history and culture.