债权基本权能略论

A General Analysis of the Basic Powers and Functions of Creditor's Right

债权正常态势下依本旨实现时的实行权能、在存在危险和不能全面实现时的保全和救济权能及将债权作整体考虑时的处分权能,是最能体现债权性质的基本权能。债权会出现权能扩张、限制和缺省,基此债权有完全与不完全之别,债法体系应在权能统一基础上构建。实行权能含请求、受领和保有权能,保有在探索所有权来源上是债的权能,否认受领是债权权能的区分模式使债权无法实现利益转化,财产流转秩序将不再依据债权法权形式转而倚重物权行为。保全权能体现为撤销或代位权能,在围绕债务人财产存在一定比例关系下得实施保全,实施救济权能时请求权由原生性转化为救济性,实现与债权依本旨实现带来的利益不同的交换价值需借助处分权能。

The implementing, preserving, remedy and disposition power are basic powers and functions which embody the nature of creditor＇s right, of whose division into complete and incomplete one bases on expansion, restriction and loss of such powers. The system of obligations law should be built on unification of these powers. Only when exploring the origin of ownership, possession in implementing power is part of powers of obligation. Creditor＇s right only with power of asking can not realize interest transformation, the order of property circulation will no longer depend on obligation but rather on act of real right. The preserving power embodies as right of repealing and replacement, when a certain ratio appears it can be exerted. The remedy power makes the original right of asking transformed to a remedial one. To realize an exchange value different from interest in implementing power needs the disposition power.