儿童过敏原体外检测与分析

In Vitro Test and Analysis of Allergen of the Children

目的：了解儿童变态反应性疾病患者过敏原分布情况及特点。方法：采用德国Mediwiss过敏原检测系统以免疫印迹法定量检测血清中过敏原特异性IgE抗体。结果：有73．1％（95／130）患者检测副阳性结果。阳性率最高的过敏原为屋尘，占65．5％，其次为户尘螨、狗毛屑、蟑螂和菠萝。3～6岁和6～14岁组的吸人性过敏原阳性率显著高于〈1岁和1～3岁组（P〈0．05），而食人性过敏原阳性率则显著低于后者。24．6％（32／130）患儿检出3种以上过敏原。结论：3岁以上儿童以吸入性过敏原为主，3岁以下幼儿以食入性过敏原为主。患者可以根据过敏原检测结果进行治疗和预防；较多患者对多种过敏原同时阳性。单一过敏原脱敏治疗效果可能不佳。

Objective： To investigate the allergen distribution and characteristic in hypersensitive children. Methods： One hundred and thirty patients were examined for special IgE in serum by western blot kit of German Mediwiss. Results：The positive rate was 73.1% （95/130）. The leading allergen was dirt and next were acarid,dog hair, roach and pineapple. The total positive items was 156 and inhale allergens accounted for 62. 8%. The positive rate of inhale allergens of 3-6 and 6-14 years old group was markedly higher than those of 〈1 and 1-3 years old group. But to food allergens, the 3- 6 and 6-14 group was markedly lower than the latter. There was 24. 6%（32/130）patients founded more than 3 allergens. Conclusion： The main allergens of children older than 3 years old were inhale allergens,and those of younger than 3 were food allergens. Patients should prevent from known allergen and choice treatment method aiming at allergen. Some patients were hypersensitive to multiple allergens, therapy of single allergen maybe ineffective.