钱学森在美国的20年（1935～1955）

20 Years（ 1935 - 1955 ）for Qian Xuesen in America

钱学森先生1935～1955年在关国加年中前三四年主要是学习，后十几年主要从事科学和技术的创新，师从力学大师冯·卡门先生，创立超声速飞机设计与制造的“热障”理论、薄壳稳定性理论和“卡门-钱公式”，研究喷气推进、新型火箭和核能理论与技术，完成了世界航空航天科学技术最前沿的理论和技术成果，为反法西斯战争的胜利做出了无法估量的贡献，在创新的实践中对科学与技术、理论与应用进行了分类研究，对科学技术史的发展做出了非常重要的贡献。二次世界大战胜利后，钱学森作为美国科学咨询团的核心成员完成了迈向新高度的发展规划，为美国在航空科技的领先地位奠定了重要理论基础。新中国成立后，钱学森要求从美国回国遭到美国当局的拘禁、审讯；1950-1955年，钱学森在受到迫害打击时，又进行了新领域的研究，撰写了《物理力学讲义》和《工程控制论》等专著。钱学森在美国的20年为他报效祖国做了充分的准备。

In his 20-year stay in America from 1935 through1955, Mr. Qian Xuesen pursued his study in the first three to four years and engaged mainly in scientific and technological innovations in the following 10- strong years. With the master of mechanics Von Karman as his teacher, he created the ＂thermal barrier＂ theory, thin-shell stability theory and ＂Karman-Tsien formula＂ for the design and manufacture of ultrasonic planes＂ and researched on jet propulsion, new-type rockets and nuclear theory and technology resulting in completing the front-line theory and technological achievements for the world＇s aviation and space science and technology so that he has made immeasurable contributions to the victory of the Antifascist War. In his innovative practice, by carrying out classified research on the theory and application of science and technology, Qian has made very important contributions to the history of science and technology. After the victory of the Second World War, as a core member of the American Consultative Group, he completed the development plan leading to a new height to lay the important theoretical foundation for the leading position of American in aviation science and technology. After the founding of new China, because of his desire to go back to China, Qian was take into custody and brought to trial by the American authority. In the period from 1950 to 1955 when he was prosecuted and attacked, Qian conducted researches in new areas. He composed monographs such as ＂Teaching Materials for Physics and Mechanics＂, Engineering Cybernetics＂ , etc. The 20-year stay of Qian Xuesen in America, he made profound preparations for him to serve the motherland worthily.