公共卫生危机状态下大学生人格特征及心理健康分析

A Tentative Study of Personality Traits and Mental Health Status of College Students under Public Health Crisis

采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和大学生人格健康调查表(UPI)对4000名大学生在“非典”时期及“非典”后一年进行追踪干预研究。结果显示大学生在“非典”时期及“非典”后1年时,人格测试的对比显示其人格特征发生的明显变化。EPQ 4个分量表显示各群体精神质(P)内外向(E)和神经质(N)因子分均呈上升状态,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),而掩饰性(L)因子呈下降状态,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。大学生在“非典”时期及“非典”后1年时心理问题检出率显示其心理健康状态发生了明显的变化,UPI第一、二类筛选人数明显下降,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。公共卫生危机对大学生的人格及心理健康产生显著的负面影响。采取积极的干预措施及心理疏导可使大学生的人格及心理健康得到迅速康复。

Questionnaires of EPQ and UPI were used to explore the personality traits and mental health of 4000 students during the SARS period and one-year intervention after SARS. Results show that there was a great difference in personality traits of students in these two periods. The four component table of EPQ showed that the factors P, E, and N were in the rising status; the difference had very great distinctness （P 〈 0.01 ） ; the covering-up L factor was in the lowering status ; the difference was significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）.The mental problem detectable rate of university students during the SARS period and one year after SARS health show that there was an obvious change in their mental health. After the UPI filtration, the portion of the first and second kinds of students obviously decreased. There was a great difference in the change rate （ P 〈 0.01 ）. It is concluded that public health crisis has a significant negative influence on the personality traits and mental health status of university students. Positive psychological intervention and mental help are useful for students to recover rapidly in personality traits and mental health.