人胚胎早中期肠壁黏膜层发育分化的研究

Investigation of Mucosa Development of Human Intestine in Early and Middle Embryo

【目的】研究人胚胎早中期肠壁黏膜层及黏膜上皮杯状细胞的发育。【方法】采用形态学、组化及联合组化和免疫组化等方法对27例4～28周胚胎空肠、回肠及结肠肠壁黏膜层的发育进行观察。【结果】黏膜上皮PAS阳性的杯状细胞在10周时已经出现,爱茜蓝阳性的杯状细胞在12周出现;空肠、回肠的黏膜肌层在10周时已开始形成,起源于黏膜下层的肌肉干细胞,此后,随着胎龄的增加,杯状细胞的数目增加,黏膜肌层α-SMA阳性的细胞逐渐增多。【结论】肠黏膜上皮杯状细胞在10周时开始发育,可分为4类:①含中性黏多糖的杯状细胞;②含酸性黏多糖的杯状细胞;③既含中性黏多糖又含酸性黏多糖的杯状细胞;④既不含中性黏多糖也不含酸性黏多糖的杯状细胞。黏膜肌层起源于黏膜下层的肌肉干细胞。

[Objective] To investigate the development of the mucosa and the goblet cells in the intestine of human early and middle embryo. [Methods] The development of the mucosa of jejunum, ileum, and colon of 27 human embryo aged 4-28 weeks was investigated by morphology, histochemistry, combined histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. [Results] The periodic acid schiffs （PAS） positive goblet cells appeared in the mucosa at week 10. The alcian blue （AB） positive goblet cells appeared at week 12. The muscnlaris mucesae was only discernible in jejunum and ileum at week 10, which derived from the muscle stem cells in the submucosa, then, the number of goblet cells and α-SMA positive cells in the muscularis mucesae raised gradually with the increase of embryo age. [Conclusion] Goblet cells in the intestine epithelium start to develop at week 10, which can be classified into four types： goblet cells with neutral mucopelysaccharide; goblet cells with acid mucopelysaccharide; goblet cells with both neutral and acid mucopelysaccharide; goblet cells with non-neutral and non-acid mucopelysaccharide. The muscularis mucosae derived from the muscle stem cells in the submucosa.