战国楚竹书《周易·字》卦“字”字考

A textual research on the character in the bamboo slips manuscript Zhouyi of the Warring States period

本文通过对上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书《周易·字》卦卦名与爻辞中之“字”字的考释,证明传世本(周易·需)卦卦名与爻辞中之“需”字的原始意义,同《易传·序卦》所言“物稚不可不养也,故受之以需”较为接近,其要义为怀柔养善；马王堆汉墓帛书《六十四卦》之《襦》卦的“襦”字与马王堆汉墓帛书佚文《易之义》的《襦》卦之“嬬”字,均为“需”的通假字,而“需”字的形与义不是卦画之象所为。

Through a textual research on the hexagram and character of in the bamboo slips manuscript Zhouyi collected by Shanghai Museum,this paper proves the original meaning of the character 需 as the name of a hexagram and those 需 appeared in the remarks affiliated to the hexagram is similar to the meaning defined by Xu Gua, Orderly Sequence of the Hexagrams,i. e. nourishment, more exactly, nourishment of goodness. Both character 需 appeared in the silk manuscript Zhouyi and 需 appeared in the silk manuscript Yi Zhi Yi, a chapter of the Commentaries copied on silk,are variants of 需,while the configuration and meanings of the hexagram are not derived from its image.