人际法律冲突中的法律选择方法

Techniques of Choice of Law in Conflict of Personal Laws

人际法律冲突是因属于不同种族、宗教、团体或阶层的人适用不同的法律而产生的法律冲突。苏丹是非洲大陆上一个典型的多种族国家,人际法律冲突非常普遍。以苏丹国内的人际法律冲突为例,将人际法律冲突总结为两种,即属人法在各自的国籍国法院、宗教或种族团体的法院实施的情况以及在一个法院内同时实施两种或两种以上属人法的情况。在两种情况下,解决法律选择问题的方法各异。在属人法律制度中,沙里阿法院或地方法院总是适用法院地法审理案件,因此,法律选择问题转化为管辖权问题。而在实施两种或多种属人法的民事法院内,法院对法律选择问题采用了与国际私法中法律选择方法相似的方法。

The conflict of personal laws is caused by the fact that different laws are applied to people belonging to different tribes, religions, communities and classes. Sudan is a typical country on the African continent with multiple tribes in which the conflict of personal laws is very common. In this article the conflict of personal laws is divided into two kinds ： where personal laws are administered in their respective courts of nationality, religion or ethnic community and where two or more personal laws are administered in one court. Different approaches to the problem of choice of law are adopted in the two situations. In the system of personal laws, the Sharia courts or the local courts will decide the case before it according to the lex fort, therefore, the problem of choice of law turns on the question of jurisdiction. While in the civil courts which administered two or more personal laws, a technique of choice of law similar to that in private international law is adopted.