美国《伯德修正案》评析

Analysis of Byrd Amendment

《伯德修正案》是美国国会于2000年10月通过的一项正式法案,由于该法案规定将征收的反倾销和反补贴税用来为其国内生产商提供补偿性支付,从而引发了世界范围内的广泛争议。深究《伯德修正案》的实质可以发现,该法案直接违反了WTO《反倾销协议》、《反补贴措施协议》和《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协议》,其实施不仅构成了对外国公司的双重惩罚,扭曲了外国公司与美国公司的竞争关系,而且为美国公司不断提起反倾销与反补贴诉讼、制造贸易摩擦提供了激励。《伯德修正案》充分体现了美国当局对反倾销措施的滥用和其贸易保护主义的本质。

Byrd Amendment is a formal act enacted by US Parliament in October, 2000. The Amendment caused an extensive argument in the world just as its provisions that the United States Commissioner of Customs （ ＂Customs＂ ） shall distribute antidumping or countervailing duties to ＂affected domestic producers＂ for ＂qualifying expenditures＂. Through a deep research, we can find that Byrd Amendment is inconsistent with the articles of WTO＇s anti-dumping agreement, the agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures and Marrakesh agreement establishing the world trade organization. The enforcement of the Amendment will not only punish foreign companies doubly , distort the competitive relationship between American and foreign companies, but also inspire American companies to make trade friction and bring antidumping and countervailing accusations against foreign companies continuously. Byrd Amendment reveals the nature of misuse of anti-dumping measures and trade-ism of US government.