不同诱饵对搬运舞草种子蚂蚁诱集作用比较

Comparisons of attractive efficiency for different baits to ants removing seeds of Codariocalyx motorius.

在云南西双版纳和思茅地区有12种蚂蚁帮助舞草(Codariocalyx motorius)种子扩散。科学有效地监测蚂蚁种群的数量变化,对分析蚂蚁种群动态与舞草种群扩散的相互关系有重要的意义。作者采用陷阱诱捕法,用糖、鱼、肉、舞草种子做诱饵,并与不含诱饵的水(对照)及含3%甲醛的水溶液进行诱集蚂蚁的效果比较。结果显示搬运舞草种子的蚂蚁对不同诱饵的趋性及反应强度有明显差异。用糖、鱼、肉做诱饵与其它3种诱集方法相比,所诱集到的样地搬运和不搬运舞草种子的蚂蚁种类和数量要多。邻巨首蚁Pheidologeton affinisJerdon对糖和鱼有极强趋性,并影响诱集其他搬运舞草种子的。除邻巨首蚁外,通用的含3%甲醛溶液的诱集方法不影响诱集其他搬运舞草种子的蚂蚁,同时还能防止蚂蚁腐烂。搬运舞草种子的主要蚂蚁——伊大头蚁Pheidole yeensisForel对糖、鱼和肉均有趋性,对舞草种子也有一定的趋性。搬运舞草种子的蚂蚁在雨天的随机觅食活动很少,只有在食物的引诱下才出巢采食。试验结果表明,选择糖、鱼做诱饵不能完全反映搬运舞草种子的蚂蚁数量,而通用的含3%甲醛的水溶液是一种较好的监测方法,但诱集试验应避开雨天进行。

There were 12 ant species be found to remove seed of Codariocalyx motorius in Xishuangbanna and Simao districts of Yunnan Province of China. Scientific and effective monitoring to these ant population dynamics is of important significance in analyses the mutuality between the ants and seed disperse of C. motorius. In the study, pitfall trapping method was used to compare attractive efficiency of 4 baits（candy, fish, meat and seed of C. motorius）and 2 no bait controls （water and 3% formaldehyde ＋ water） to the ants. The results showed that the differences in preference and reaction of the ants to different baits were significant. The species and number of ants collected with candy, fish and meat are obviously more than seed of C. motoriu, water and water ＋ 3 % formaldehyd. Pheidologeton affinis did prefer candy and fish to the rest baits, and consequently the collection of other ants and their numbers was impacted, and however it played little role in dispersing of the seed of C. motorius. A common bail of 3% formaldehyde water did not affect collecting other ants but P. affinis, and could prevent them from decay. Pheidole yeensis, plays a major role in removing the seed, had the same preference to candy, fish and meat, and also a little favorite to the seed. Ants were lazy in looking for food in rainy day, and left their nests to act only when foods were given as an alluring. Our experiment indicated that the baits of candy, fish and meat were not suitable method to estimate real population and species number of ants, but 3 % formaldehyde water was a exciting bait for collecting ants, however, it should not be carried out in raining days.