衡水市地裂缝形成机制分析及防治

Forming Mechanism and Prevention Countermeasure of the Ground Fissures in Hengshui City

衡水市地裂缝穿越民房、穿过农田,致使建筑物破损、农田毁坏,影响到人民生活,以及厂矿生产和安全。该区规模较大的地裂缝截至2002年已发展到14条,遍及冀州、枣强、马朗、阜城、武强、饶阳等地,主要以NE走向为主,均为张性裂缝,分布不均匀,连通性好,平面形态为折线形或羽状,最长者累计长度可达5 km。文章认为地裂缝的分布受当地基础构造控制,由人工过量抽汲地下水诱发形成,提出调整地下水开采层次作为其防治措施。

Hengshui City is located in the center plain of Hebei Province, where the developing ground fissures are traversing and destroying houses and farmlands, and affecting the civil living and industrial productign and safety. Up to 2002, the amount of the ground fissures of Hengshui City is to 14, extending along Jishou, Zaoqiang, Malang, Fucheng, Wuqiang and Raoyang Counties. The extension of the ground fissures is mainly NE, with features of opening, non-equality distributing but good connexity. The horizontal shape of the fissures is fold lines and featheriness. The longest fissure adds up to 5 km in length. Based on our investigation it is thought that the distribution of the ground fissures is depend on the underground structure / tectonic base and the excess pumping of the ground water. Therefore,it could be an efficient means for prevention of forming ground fissures to adjust the exploitation levels of the ground water.