重点国有林区改革与发展趋势的实证分析

Empirical Study of Reform and Development in the Key State-owned Forest Area

对重点国有林区改革与发展状况进行了回顾，对影响国有林业企业“两危”的因素进行了分析，也分析探讨了国有林区出现的各种改革措施对保护和发展森林资源，增加林区职工收入的作用。指出，在国有林区，国有加工业改制进展迅速，家庭式经营管理和市场化手段成为森林资源管护和经营基本制度要素，许多新做法提高了森林培育、采伐和经营的效率，但社会保障体制严重缺位。通过多元统计分析，在一定程度上验证了利润分成机制、企业社会负担对企业创收存在过强激励，是森林资源破坏的根源。分析结果不支持农业生产等同于毁林的判断。改革方向是建立地方公有林体系，国家林业主管部门将精力集中于公共物品提供方面。深化改革需要得到政府部门的关怀和支持，使之规范化，催生林区可持续发展的新体制。

Empirical analyses are conducted to identify major reform and development trends in kerr stare-owned forest area, main factors causing＂two crises＂in stare-owned forest enterprises, as well as reform measures leading to better forest protection and growth, and higher revenue for worker families. Main findings include： the processing facilities in state-owned forest areas are undergone drastic reform and transformation, household-based management scheme in forest resource management and market instruments in harvest and afforestation have been applied in wide range, The innovatiom help improving efficiency in afforestation works, harvesting and all functions. Social security and welfare system become an outstanding issue in the proeess of decentralization and privatization. The future reform is directed toward establishment of local public forest system, and refocusing of central forest authority on provision of public services. Government early participation, guidance and support of reform, toward a sustainable new system, is warranted.