自然资源的民主分权:民众参与的制度化

Democratic Decentralization of Natural Resources: Institutionalizing Popular Participation

自然资源在当地民众的生计中具有决定性的作用,他们理应参与当地自然资源的管理和决策。分权改变了当地自然资源管理的制度框架,而民主分权是分权的最有效形式。概述了全球自然资源分权改革的实施情况,并对改革效果进行了评价。认为建立民主的地方机构将成为民主分权的主要机制,而责任、自行决定权和安全性是民主分权的3个基本问题,分权过程中中央政府需要有效的分权配套办法,并发挥重要作用。

Because of the dominant role of natural resources in local livelihoods, democratic local governance requires that people have a voice and leverage in decisions over the natural resources they depend on. Decentralization changed local institutional framework of natural resources. This paper briefly introduces the implementation and positive outcomes of global decentralization reform, and assesses the decentralization and its outcomes. It holds that democratic local authorities will be the main mechanism of democratic decentralization. It discusses some issues that emerge concerning three basic elements of decentralization-accountability, discretionary power and security-as well as accompanying measures from central government for effective decentralization.