喀斯特地区相对水资源承载力研究——以贵州省为例

Relative Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Karst Region of Guiyang Province

本文采用相对资源承载力的研究方法,以贵州省为例,分别选取全国和湖北省为参照区,进行了喀斯特地区相对水资源承载力的研究。进而得出,贵州省水资源总量虽相当丰富,但受喀斯特发育的影响,其实际的水资源承载力并不高。水资源总量上,相对全国和湖北省来说,贵州省的水资源可承载的人口数和GDP量都远远超过其实际的人口数和GDP量;但水资源利用量上,贵州省水资源可承载的人口数远低于其实际的人口数,处于严重超载状态,而可承载的GDP量又远高于其实际的GDP量,处于相当富余状态。在水资源总量相当的情况下,一般喀斯特地区水资源承载力低于非喀斯特地区;喀斯特地区水资源利用量可承载的GDP远高于其实际的GDP量;与非喀斯特地区相比,在一定时间限度内,喀斯特地区水资源承载力会有更大的开发潜力。

Karst region is featured with special hydrologic and topographic structure and heavy water leakage, which make the water resources exploitation and utilization more complicated than non-Karst region. In China, the land area of Karst region covers about 13% of the total in the country. It is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Hunan provinces and so on. Guizhou is the core region of Karst in Southwest China. Its karst area is 13 × 10^4km^2 , occupying 73% of land area of the province, and 95% counties and cities are covered by Karst. Taking Guizhou province as an example, this paper evaluates carrying capacity of water resources in the province and makes a comparison with Hubei province and whole country. It is concluded that influenced by karst, the water resource carrying capacity of Guizhou province is not high although annual average precipitation in the province is about 1 179 mm. As far as the water resources amount is concerned, the theoretical carrying capacity of population and the GDP in Guizhou province, Compared with the whole country and Hubei province, is much more higher than its current population and GDP. However, taking into account water use efficiency, the population that Guizhou province can carry is far lower than its realistic population while the GDP that Guizhou province can carry is far higher than its current level of GDP. Generally, under the condition of the same water resources amount, the water resource carrying capacity in karst area is lower than non-karst area. The GDP that karst area can carry is higher than its realistic level of GDP. Within a certain time periods, the water resource carrying capacity in karst area will have larger development potential than non-karst area.