土壤动物主要生态特征与生态功能研究进展

ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS OF SOIL FAUNA COMMUNITY

土壤动物是陆地生态系统重要的组成部分,是物质循环和能量流动正常运行的关键环节。近年来,土壤动物研究越来越受到人们的重视,研究主要包括土壤动物生态特征和生态功能两个方面。本文概括了土壤动物的定义和分类,阐述了土壤动物的数量、种类、分布格局及影响因素等主要生态特征,着重论述了土壤动物的分解、生态指示等功能。认为,目前土壤动物研究发展缓慢,基础研究差,生态特征研究仍处于定性与半定量水平;功能研究单一,缺少土壤动物多样性功能研究。对今后研究提出展望。本文旨在加深对土壤动物的了解,为生物多样性保护、合理开发利用土壤资源、健全生态指标和实现农业、生态可持续发展提供必要的理论支持。

Soil fauna is a main component of the terrestrial ecosystem and its ecological characteristics and functions has recently aroused more and more concerns from researchers. Much of the interest has come from the need to understand the critical roles of soil fauna in material cycling and energy flow. The review firstly summarizes the ecological characteristics of soil fauna in the following three aspects： （1） definition and classification of soil fauna. （2） abundance, diversity, community structure and distribution pattern of soil fauna. （3） factors influencing these ecological characteristics including natural factors, artificial factors and the global changes. And then the paper reviews the functions of soil fauna in different aspects, focusing mainly on its functions of litter decomposition and ecological indicator. Principles of the litter decomposition function of soil fauna and main research contents in this field are discussed in detail. In the end, the authors point out some scientific problems in the present research of soil fauna and suggest a direction for the future research. This paper aims to have a further understanding of soil fauna and to provide necessary theoretical basis for biodiversity protection, consummation of the ecological index system, reasonable exploitation of the soil resources and realization of sustainable development of the agriculture and ecology.