论罗马法契约制度的发展

Comment on the Development of Contract System in Roman Law

契约制度的产生和发展在罗马法中占有重要的地位,并且对后世产生了重大的影响。通过分析罗马法契约制度发展过程中的不同阶段,具体揭示罗马法契约制度的发展经历了一条从重形式到重当事人合意的道路,按照英国学者梅因的解释,这是源于人类的道德进步,即可期待信用的出现,体现了罗马奴隶制商品经济的高度发展。

The birth and development of the contractus played an important part in Roman law and exerted great influence upon the contract system in later age. Through the analysis of different stages in the development of the contraetus, this paper expends that the contractus in Roman law follows the way of shifting the focus on the formalism to the consensus of the parties, which according to the analysis of the English scholar Mr. Maine, is due to the huge progress of the human being＇s ethics, an equivalent of the expectable credit of today, and is an reflection of the highly developed slavery commodity economy in the Roman age.