三倍体鲫鱼早期胚胎发育观察

The Early Embryonic Development of Triploid Crucain Carp Coming from Allotetraploid Hybrids(♂)×Goldfish(♀)

以异源四倍体鲫鲤为父本，二倍体金鱼为母本通过倍间杂交形成三倍体鲫鱼．对三倍体鲫鱼早期胚胎发育过程进行了观察．三倍体鲫鱼成熟卵子呈黄色，圆形，有粘性，卵径为1．3—1．4mm．水温为（20±1）℃情况下，卵子受精后1h，卵裂开始．受精后在-3h时间段内进行卵裂．受精后3．50h逐渐进入早、中、晚囊胚期，受精后10h进入原肠期，受精后15．50h进入神经胚期，19．0h后器官开始形成．受精后63—75h，仔鱼孵化出膜．另外，对三倍体鲫鱼受精卵进行切片观察，结果表明：三倍体囊胚期细胞分裂旺盛，原肠期细胞表现出正常的细胞分裂、细胞变形和迁移行为．结合三倍体鲫鱼胚胎外观发育观察，说明三倍体鱼具有正常的早期胚胎发育过程，为三倍体鱼的大规模生产提供了胚胎发育的生物学依据．

The early embryonic development of triploid crucian carp which was generated by mating the males of the allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp（ Carassius auratus red var. ） （ ♂ ） × common carp （ Cyprinus carpio L. ） （ ♀ ） with the females of the goldfish（ Carassius auratus red var. ） is described. The mature eggs of triploid crucian carp are yellow, globose and sticky. The average diameter of these eggs is 1.3 - 1.4 mm. At the water temperature of （20 ± 1） %, the fertilized eggs begin the first cleavage 1 h after fertilization and reach morula stage （3 h）, blastula stage （3. 50 h）, gastrula stage （10 h）, neural stage （15.50 h）, organogenetic stage （19.50 h） gradually; and were hatched out 63 - 75 h after fertilization. In addition, the cytological behavior in fertilized eggs of triploid Crucain Carp coming from Allotetraploid Hybrids （ ♂ ） × Goldfish（ ♀ ） is observed through tissue section. The results indicate that the embryonic cells have normal and frequent mitotic behavior during blastula stage and moved normally during gastrula stage.